Cold or FLU?

How do I know if it is a cold or the flu? Prevention is key – if you get your flu shot you can be pretty sure it is a cold. Many health care workers are required to get a flu shot by their employer so know that research has been done and it is safe for most people to get the flu shot yearly.

Cold symptoms will give you many “flu like” symptoms but in a much milder version. For example with a cold you may feel fatigued where as with the flu you will have extreme exhaustion that can last for weeks. The chart below will help you determine what you have. Sometimes it is impossible to tell them apart. A cold has many symptoms of the flu but in a milder version. If the person is getting sicker and extreme or intense symptoms then if you seek medical attention they can do a test to determine which is, cold or flu.

If you have the flu seek medical attention. If you have a cold it is from a virus and antibiotics will not help. There is an old saying that if you see a doctor it will be better in one week, if you do nothing you will be better in seven days. Your body can fight a cold on its own, the flu you will need to see the doctor. If you have the flu seek medical attention as there can be some serious complications associated with the flu such as pneumonia. If in doubt ask your doctor. If you are not better in a week see your doctor.


..........................Cold..............FLU
Aches/Pain.......Mild..............Often Severe
Cough...............Yes, Mild.......Often Severe
Exhaustion.......Never............Often Severe
Fatigue.............Mild..............Often Severe
Fever................Rare..............Often 100 to 102 for several days
Headache.........Rare..............Usually
Sneezing..........Frequent.......Rare
Sore Throat.....Common.......Sometimes
Stuffy Nose.....Yes.................Rare

Hand Washing

It is flu season, time for a refresher on hand washing and infection prevention. The skin is our first defense against infection. It acts as an outer barrier for our body. At the same time our skin is one of the many places that bacteria like to grow.

In 1975 The Center for Disease Control (CDC) published their first guidelines for hand washing. Today you can find scientific evidence from CDC, American Medical Association (AMA), The World Health Organization (WHO) and Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA), American Nurses Association (ANA) and many others all pointing out the importance of simple hand washing in preventing infection.

Why then do I see people not wash their hands in public restrooms? I think we are “I have to see it to believe it” type people. So perhaps this will help.


I will never forget in nursing school they had us come in the lab and run our fingers across a Petri dish. A Petri dish is lab container where bacteria will grow; it is where the lab puts the sample the doctor takes from you. In our case the sample was the germs on our fingers. Next they had us go and wash our hands and come back and put our fingers on another Petri dish. Lastly, we did a full surgical scrub and rubbed our fingers on a final Petri dish. We signed and sealed the dishes with tape and our signatures. Five days later we went back to the lab. I was astounded at the number of germs on fingers. What I could not see with the naked eye had been given what it needed in the Petri Dish to grow and it was covered with growing germs. After a normal hand washing it appeared that there was much less bacteria growing on the Petri Dish.

The Petri Dish above shows:

Section A is from hands that appear clean but were not recently washed.

Section B is after washing hands with soap and water.

Section C is after disinfection.

So now do you think your hands are clean? You do not see the germs until they grow. By the times the germs grow you may have spread an infection and never know it.

Our mothers taught us when we were children to wash our hands. We need to remember to do it regularly!

Before and after caregiving procedures, feeding, turning and contact with person caring for
Before and after eating
After touching raw meat, poultry or fish
After the toilet (even in your own home) or after changing diapers
After coughing or blowing your nose
Before making or eating food
After playing with animals
Before and after changing contact lenses
After playing outside or working out
After any activity that contaminates the hands
After visiting or caring for someone sick
After handling garbage
Any time your hands are visibly dirty

So what is the proper technique for hand washing?

Remove rings and jewelry

Wet hands totally with warm running water

Apply Liquid Soap

Sing and scrub - Sing Happy Birthday to yourself as you scrub all sides of your fingers, nails, thumbs, palms and the back of the hands.

Rinse totally with warm running water

Towel Dry - use paper towel to turn off the faucet

Do I have to keep taking Blood Pressure Medication?

Do I have to take Medication for Life?

Do I have to keep taking my blood pressure medication, my blood pressure is normal again? This is a rather frequent question. Blood pressure is not like a strep throat where you"get" high blood pressure, take some medication and you are cured. High blood pressure is more like diabetes you have it for life but with medication it can be controlled. High blood pressure is a risk factor for stroke, kidney disease, heart attack and heart failure. Medication can reduce the risk of all of these diseases. It is very important to take prescription medication as ordered until your doctor changes it. You would need to consult your physician before you stop taking your blood pressure medication. If you experience side effects from your blood pressure medication (or any medication) you need to inform you doctor.

Common side effects from blood pressure medications are dependent on the medication you are taking.

Diuretic Medication such as Lasix (Furosemide) can cause loss of potassium which can result in muscle cramps, dizziness or lightheadness. Often your doctor will prescribe potassium supplement while on diuretics, like Lasix, or recommend you eat a banana daily. To prevent lightheadness or dizziness be sure you are drinking the proper amount of fluid daily about 1.5 liters to 2 liters a day (unless your doctor restricts your fluids).

Ace Inhibitors such as Lisinopril (Prinivil or Zestril), Captopril (Capoten), and Enalapril (Vasotec) can cause hacking dry cough, rash, or loss of taste.

Beta Blockers such as Tenormin (Atenolol), Metoprolol (Lopressor), Propranolol (Inderal), and Nadolol (Corgard), can cause cold hands and feet, insomnia, depression, impotence, or slow heart beat. If you have diabetes you will need to monitor you blood glucose as these drugs can impact your sugar.

Calcium Channel Blockers such as Diltiazem (Cardizem), Nifedipine (Procardia) and Verapamil (Calan or Isoptin) may cause swollen ankles edema, palpations, constipation, headache or dizziness.

Side Effects with each of these drugs can differ a great deal. Different people react differently to medications. As with all medications it is important to read the medication information provided by the pharmacy. You must inform your physician of any side effects you notice or if you in any way feel differently while taking these medications. Take medication as ordered. It is important to take the medication as ordered as suddenly stopping medications can cause problems to your health. Know the "class" of your medications as you will often see over-the-counter medications that say "do not take if you are on Ace Inhibitors" for example. So you need to know what you class of medication you are on so if other medications should not be taken with that class you will know.

Remember, consult your doctor about your care and concerns!

What does salt have to do with Blood Pressure?

Salt and Blood Pressure
The relationship between blood pressure and salt is important to understand to control your blood pressure. First, salt is sodium and it is important to our bodies. Our bodies take in salt (sodium) in the foods we eat. Our kidneys get rid of the salt (sodium) keeping us in a delicate balance with just the right amount of salt.

When we eat too much salt the kidneys can not keep up and the extra sodium goes into our blood stream. Salt attracts water. So as the salt level in the bloodstream rises it pulls
water into the blood stream to dilute the salt. This increase in fluid in the bloodstream causes an increase volume in the blood which raises the blood pressure. So how much salt is too
much? If you have high blood pressure you should keep the sodium in your diet to 1,500 mg of sodium or less a day. Our bodies need 500 mg of salt daily. Canned foods have the most salt as salt is often a preservative in these foods. Fresh food hast the least sodium and frozen is in the middle.
When you read the label and you see sodium listed you are seeing salt is an ingredient that food. Notice in the food label that there is 660 mg in one serving and this product says there are two servings in the container. Reading labels and maintaining a salt (sodium) intake of 1,500 mg or less is a key to controlling your blood pressure.

Blood Pressure

When the blood pressure stays elevated over time is called Hypertension or High Blood Pressure. A one time reading that is elevated should be monitored. Many pharmacies and grocery stores have blood pressure machines where you can check your blood pressure. If you have two or more readings that are elevated you must consult your physician.

What do the numbers in the Blood Pressure Reading mean?
The top number is the Systolic (pronounced - Sis tall lick) is the pressure inside the vessels when the heart beats.

The bottom number is the Diastolic (pronounced - die a stall lick) is the pressure inside the vessels when the heart is at rest between beats.

High Blood Pressure is when the top number is above 140 or the bottom number is above 90. Why is this important? As the pressure in the vessels increases it causes the heart to work harder and can lead to heart disease. It can cause other health problems; one of the most serious is a stroke. High Blood Pressure can lead to Heart disease than can lead to a heart attack. About 2/3 of people over 65 have high blood pressure. High Blood Pressure is a condition that most people will develop as they age.

High blood pressure is often a "silent" illness as you do not feel ill until something happens as a result of the high pressure. Getting your blood pressure checked is a very important part of your annual physical with your doctor.